Characteristics Of Basalt Fiber

Untreated basalt fiber possesses a relatively smooth surface and low surface energy. Surface modification introduces nano-SiO₂ particles, effectively increasing surface roughness and expanding the contact area between microorganisms and the carrier. The modification also introduces surface cations, raising the surface potential and imparting a positive charge; this utilizes electrostatic attraction to facilitate microbial immobilization. Furthermore, the presence of active functional groups-such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, or carboxyl groups-increases surface energy and promotes the adhesion and growth of microorganisms on the carrier. Surface modification endows the basalt fiber carrier with excellent hydrophilicity and microbial loading capacity, enabling it to support higher biomass and maintain high microbial activity over extended periods, thereby enhancing the degradation of water pollutants via the biofilm process.